Social Protection in Morocco in Comparative Perspective: Insights from Southern Mediterranean Experiences

Résumé

This paper examines Morocco’s social protection architecture within a comparative South Mediterranean framework. It seeks to understand the distinct features of the Moroccan approach and assess its capacity to address structural challenges, pervasive informality, and limited public resources. The study applies a dual methodology combining qualitative analysis of institutional frameworks with a quantitative comparison of coverage levels and financial sustainability, drawing on official data and scholarly sources. The analysis highlights Morocco’s reliance on a hybrid model that merges contributory and non-contributory elements. While this configuration aims to expand coverage and maintain fiscal balance, it is hindered by fragmented schemes and heavy state dependence. Cross-national comparisons with Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt reveal shared limitations but also offer practical lessons from alternative policy paths. The contribution of this research lies in its regional lens and its focus on hybrid institutional design as an adaptive response to informality. It provides added value by outlining strategic directions for reform, including scheme integration, financing innovation, and improved targeting systems, which are pivotal for enhancing inclusion and system viability.