The Water-Energy Nexus as a Lever for Climate Resilience in Morocco: An Analysis of Desalination and Energy Transition Policies in the Casablanca-Settat Region

Abstract

Morocco is facing severe water stress, with per capita water availability dropping from 2,560 m³ to 620 m³ between 1960 and 2019. In the Casablanca-Settat region the nation’s economic heartland, responsible for 41% of national greenhouse gas emissions this crisis is exacerbated by the overexploitation of aquifers, resulting in an annual deficit of 70.9 Mm³. To address this emergency, this article analyzes the effectiveness of the Water-Energy Nexus: a strategy coupling renewable energy with non-conventional water reserves. (PNAEPI, 143billion MAD) operationalizes this vision through carbon-free desalination (e.g., the Casablanca megaproject) and wastewater reuse. The results demonstrate that this synergy secures water supply, reduces energy dependency, and modernizes agriculture, achieving water savings of 30% to 50% through drip irrigation. The study concludes with the necessity of integrated governance and support for innovation (Smart Grids, Green Hydrogen) to transform this vulnerability into a driver of sustainable sovereignty.