Geopolitics of the energy transition and the emergence of green businesses: entrepreneurial opportunities in North Africa

Abstract

This study explores the impact of renewable energy geopolitics and green hydrogen on the rise of green enterprises in the North African region. it relies on a systematic literature review and an inductive analysis of energy policies in three key North African countries: Morocco, Algeria, and Egypt. The study highlights a range of entrepreneurial opportunities, while also underlining structural constraints linked to institutional instability, limited green financing, and regional geopolitical rivalries. The findings indicate that the energy transition can serve as a strategic driver of sustainable economic development, provided it is supported by stronger regional governance and a dynamic, innovative entrepreneurial ecosystem.