A Systematic Review of the Literature on Bank Credit Risk Management in MENA Countries: Evolutions, Challenges, and Emerging Paradigms

Résumé

This systematic literature review explores the evolution of bank credit risk management in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the 2020-2025 period. Through an indepth analysis of recent academic literature, we identify key research themes, methodological approaches, and emerging trends shaping credit risk practices in the region. Our review covers more than 50 peer-reviewed studies addressing the conventional and Islamic banking sectors, regulatory frameworks, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, fintech innovations, and machine learning applications. We employ a systematic review methodology compliant with PRISMA guidelines to ensure reproducibility and rigor. The main findings reveal: (1) increased use of advanced risk modeling techniques in the wake of the pandemic; (2) significant heterogeneity in credit risk profiles across different sub-regions of the MENA region; (3) the growing integration of digital technologies into risk assessment; and (4) persistent challenges related to non-performing loans in oil-dependent economies. We identify research gaps regarding longitudinal studies, cross-country analyses, and the intersection between climate risk and credit risk. This review provides a comprehensive foundation for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to understand contemporary credit risk management in the MENA banking sector.